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  <ul>
    <li><a href="#fileread">file.Read()</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#基本使用">基本使用</a></li>
        <li><a href="#循环读取">循环读取</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#bufio读取文件">bufio读取文件</a></li>
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    <li><a href="#write和writestring">Write和WriteString</a></li>
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    <article class="post">
        <header>
            <h1 class="post-title">Go语言基础之文件操作</h1>
        </header>
        <date class="post-meta meta-date">
            2021年9月3日
        </date>
        
        <div class="post-meta">
            <span>|</span>
            
            <span class="meta-category"><a href='/categories/go'>go</a></span>
            
        </div>
        
        
        <div class="post-meta">
            <span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv">|<span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span><span>
                    阅读</span></span>
        </div>
        
        
        <div class="post-content">
            <p>本文主要介绍了Go语言中文件读写的相关操作。</p>
<p>文件是什么？</p>
<p>计算机中的文件是存储在外部介质(通常是磁盘)上的数据集合，文件分为文本文件和二进制文件。</p>
<h1 id="打开和关闭文件">打开和关闭文件</h1>
<p><code>os.Open()</code>函数能够打开一个文件，返回一个<code>*File</code>和一个<code>err</code>。对得到的文件实例调用<code>close()</code>方法能够关闭文件。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#f92672">package</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>

<span style="color:#f92672">import</span> (
	<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;fmt&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;os&#34;</span>
)

<span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
	<span style="color:#75715e">// 只读方式打开当前目录下的main.go文件
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Open</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;./main.go&#34;</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;open file failed!, err:&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
	}
	<span style="color:#75715e">// 关闭文件
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Close</span>()
}
</code></pre></div><p>为了防止文件忘记关闭，我们通常使用defer注册文件关闭语句。</p>
<h1 id="读取文件">读取文件</h1>
<h2 id="fileread">file.Read()</h2>
<h3 id="基本使用">基本使用</h3>
<p>Read方法定义如下：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> (<span style="color:#a6e22e">f</span> <span style="color:#f92672">*</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">File</span>) <span style="color:#a6e22e">Read</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">b</span> []<span style="color:#66d9ef">byte</span>) (<span style="color:#a6e22e">n</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">error</span>)
</code></pre></div><p>它接收一个字节切片，返回读取的字节数和可能的具体错误，读到文件末尾时会返回<code>0</code>和<code>io.EOF</code>。 举个例子：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
	<span style="color:#75715e">// 只读方式打开当前目录下的main.go文件
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Open</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;./main.go&#34;</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;open file failed!, err:&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
	}
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">defer</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Close</span>()
	<span style="color:#75715e">// 使用Read方法读取数据
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">tmp</span> = make([]<span style="color:#66d9ef">byte</span>, <span style="color:#ae81ff">128</span>)
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">n</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Read</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">tmp</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">==</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">io</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">EOF</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;文件读完了&#34;</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
	}
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;read file failed, err:&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
	}
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Printf</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;读取了%d字节数据\n&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">n</span>)
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(string(<span style="color:#a6e22e">tmp</span>[:<span style="color:#a6e22e">n</span>]))
}
</code></pre></div><h3 id="循环读取">循环读取</h3>
<p>使用for循环读取文件中的所有数据。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
	<span style="color:#75715e">// 只读方式打开当前目录下的main.go文件
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Open</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;./main.go&#34;</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;open file failed!, err:&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
	}
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">defer</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Close</span>()
	<span style="color:#75715e">// 循环读取文件
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">content</span> []<span style="color:#66d9ef">byte</span>
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">tmp</span> = make([]<span style="color:#66d9ef">byte</span>, <span style="color:#ae81ff">128</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">n</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Read</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">tmp</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">==</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">io</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">EOF</span> {
			<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;文件读完了&#34;</span>)
			<span style="color:#66d9ef">break</span>
		}
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
			<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;read file failed, err:&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
			<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
		}
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">content</span> = append(<span style="color:#a6e22e">content</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">tmp</span>[:<span style="color:#a6e22e">n</span>]<span style="color:#f92672">...</span>)
	}
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(string(<span style="color:#a6e22e">content</span>))
}
</code></pre></div><h2 id="bufio读取文件">bufio读取文件</h2>
<p>bufio是在file的基础上封装了一层API，支持更多的功能。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#f92672">package</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>

<span style="color:#f92672">import</span> (
	<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;bufio&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;fmt&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;io&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;os&#34;</span>
)

<span style="color:#75715e">// bufio按行读取示例
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Open</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;./xx.txt&#34;</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;open file failed, err:&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
	}
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">defer</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Close</span>()
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">reader</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">bufio</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">NewReader</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">line</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">reader</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">ReadString</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;\n&#39;</span>) <span style="color:#75715e">//注意是字符
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>		<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">==</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">io</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">EOF</span> {
			<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> len(<span style="color:#a6e22e">line</span>) <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> {
				<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">line</span>)
			}
			<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;文件读完了&#34;</span>)
			<span style="color:#66d9ef">break</span>
		}
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
			<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;read file failed, err:&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
			<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
		}
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Print</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">line</span>)
	}
}
</code></pre></div><h2 id="ioutil读取整个文件">ioutil读取整个文件</h2>
<p><code>io/ioutil</code>包的<code>ReadFile</code>方法能够读取完整的文件，只需要将文件名作为参数传入。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#f92672">package</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>

<span style="color:#f92672">import</span> (
	<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;fmt&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;io/ioutil&#34;</span>
)

<span style="color:#75715e">// ioutil.ReadFile读取整个文件
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">content</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">ioutil</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">ReadFile</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;./main.go&#34;</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;read file failed, err:&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
	}
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(string(<span style="color:#a6e22e">content</span>))
}
</code></pre></div><h1 id="文件写入操作">文件写入操作</h1>
<p><code>os.OpenFile()</code>函数能够以指定模式打开文件，从而实现文件写入相关功能。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">OpenFile</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">name</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">string</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">flag</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">perm</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">FileMode</span>) (<span style="color:#f92672">*</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">File</span>, <span style="color:#66d9ef">error</span>) {
	<span style="color:#f92672">...</span>
}
</code></pre></div><p>其中：</p>
<p><code>name</code>：要打开的文件名 <code>flag</code>：打开文件的模式。 模式有以下几种：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">模式</th>
<th style="text-align:center">含义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>os.O_WRONLY</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center">只写</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>os.O_CREATE</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center">创建文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>os.O_RDONLY</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center">只读</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>os.O_RDWR</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center">读写</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>os.O_TRUNC</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center">清空</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>os.O_APPEND</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center">追加</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><code>perm</code>：文件权限，一个八进制数。r(读)04，w(写)02，x(执行)01。</p>
<h2 id="write和writestring">Write和WriteString</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">OpenFile</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xx.txt&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">O_CREATE</span>|<span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">O_TRUNC</span>|<span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">O_WRONLY</span>, <span style="color:#ae81ff">0666</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;open file failed, err:&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
	}
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">defer</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Close</span>()
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">str</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;hello 沙河&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Write</span>([]byte(<span style="color:#a6e22e">str</span>))       <span style="color:#75715e">//写入字节切片数据
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">WriteString</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;hello 小王子&#34;</span>) <span style="color:#75715e">//直接写入字符串数据
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>}
</code></pre></div><h2 id="bufionewwriter">bufio.NewWriter</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">OpenFile</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xx.txt&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">O_CREATE</span>|<span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">O_TRUNC</span>|<span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">O_WRONLY</span>, <span style="color:#ae81ff">0666</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;open file failed, err:&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
	}
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">defer</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Close</span>()
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">writer</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">bufio</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">NewWriter</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">file</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>; <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span> &lt; <span style="color:#ae81ff">10</span>; <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span><span style="color:#f92672">++</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">writer</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">WriteString</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;hello沙河\n&#34;</span>) <span style="color:#75715e">//将数据先写入缓存
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	}
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">writer</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Flush</span>() <span style="color:#75715e">//将缓存中的内容写入文件
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>}
</code></pre></div><h2 id="ioutilwritefile">ioutil.WriteFile</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">str</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;hello 沙河&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">ioutil</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">WriteFile</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;./xx.txt&#34;</span>, []byte(<span style="color:#a6e22e">str</span>), <span style="color:#ae81ff">0666</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;write file failed, err:&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
	}
}
</code></pre></div><h1 id="练习">练习</h1>
<h2 id="copyfile">copyFile</h2>
<p>借助<code>io.Copy()</code>实现一个拷贝文件函数。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#75715e">// CopyFile 拷贝文件函数
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">CopyFile</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">dstName</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">srcName</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">string</span>) (<span style="color:#a6e22e">written</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">int64</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">error</span>) {
	<span style="color:#75715e">// 以读方式打开源文件
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#a6e22e">src</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Open</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">srcName</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Printf</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;open %s failed, err:%v.\n&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">srcName</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
	}
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">defer</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">src</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Close</span>()
	<span style="color:#75715e">// 以写|创建的方式打开目标文件
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#a6e22e">dst</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">OpenFile</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">dstName</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">O_WRONLY</span>|<span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">O_CREATE</span>, <span style="color:#ae81ff">0644</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Printf</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;open %s failed, err:%v.\n&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">dstName</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
	}
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">defer</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">dst</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Close</span>()
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">io</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Copy</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">dst</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">src</span>) <span style="color:#75715e">//调用io.Copy()拷贝内容
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>}
<span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">_</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">CopyFile</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;dst.txt&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;src.txt&#34;</span>)
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;copy file failed, err:&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span>
	}
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;copy done!&#34;</span>)
}
</code></pre></div><h2 id="实现一个cat命令">实现一个cat命令</h2>
<p>使用文件操作相关知识，模拟实现linux平台<code>cat</code>命令的功能。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="color:#f92672">package</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>

<span style="color:#f92672">import</span> (
	<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;bufio&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;flag&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;fmt&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;io&#34;</span>
	<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;os&#34;</span>
)

<span style="color:#75715e">// cat命令实现
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">cat</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">r</span> <span style="color:#f92672">*</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">bufio</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Reader</span>) {
	<span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">buf</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">r</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">ReadBytes</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;\n&#39;</span>) <span style="color:#75715e">//注意是字符
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>		<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">==</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">io</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">EOF</span> {
			<span style="color:#75715e">// 退出之前将已读到的内容输出
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>			<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Fprintf</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Stdout</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;%s&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">buf</span>)
			<span style="color:#66d9ef">break</span>
		}
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Fprintf</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Stdout</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;%s&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">buf</span>)
	}
}

<span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
	<span style="color:#a6e22e">flag</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Parse</span>() <span style="color:#75715e">// 解析命令行参数
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">flag</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">NArg</span>() <span style="color:#f92672">==</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> {
		<span style="color:#75715e">// 如果没有参数默认从标准输入读取内容
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>		<span style="color:#a6e22e">cat</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">bufio</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">NewReader</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Stdin</span>))
	}
	<span style="color:#75715e">// 依次读取每个指定文件的内容并打印到终端
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>; <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span> &lt; <span style="color:#a6e22e">flag</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">NArg</span>(); <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span><span style="color:#f92672">++</span> {
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">f</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Open</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">flag</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Arg</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span>))
		<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">nil</span> {
			<span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Fprintf</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">os</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Stdout</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;reading from %s failed, err:%v\n&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#a6e22e">flag</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Arg</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span>), <span style="color:#a6e22e">err</span>)
			<span style="color:#66d9ef">continue</span>
		}
		<span style="color:#a6e22e">cat</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">bufio</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">NewReader</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">f</span>))
	}
}
</code></pre></div>
        </div>

        
<div class="post-archive">
    <ul class="post-copyright">
        <li><strong>原文作者：</strong><a rel="author" href="https://luckly.work/">luckly</a></li>
        <li style="word-break:break-all"><strong>原文链接：</strong><a href="https://luckly.work/post/go_basic/go%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C/">https://luckly.work/post/go_basic/go%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C/</a></li>
        <li><strong>版权声明：</strong>本作品采用<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际许可协议</a>进行许可，非商业转载请注明出处（作者，原文链接），商业转载请联系作者获得授权。</li>
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<div class="post-archive">
    <h2>See Also</h2>
    <ul class="listing">
        
        <li><a href="/post/go_package/strconv/">Go-strconv</a></li>
        
        <li><a href="/post/go_package/time/">Go-time</a></li>
        
        <li><a href="/post/go_basic/go%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B9%8Bmap/">Go语言基础之map</a></li>
        
        <li><a href="/post/go_basic/go%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0/">Go语言基础之函数</a></li>
        
        <li><a href="/post/go_basic/go%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B9%8B%E5%88%87%E7%89%87/">Go语言基础之切片</a></li>
        
    </ul>
</div>


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